The carat is the caliber of the gemstone, specifically the metric that denotes its weight. It derives its name from the carob kernel, famous for their high uniformity since ancient times. A carat is divided into 100 points and corresponds to 0,20 grams.
The weight of a diamond does not in itself indicate the size of the gem, in fact two diamonds of the same size, may have different weights. Diamonds’ weight can be measured by a precision balance.
Clarity indicates the number, location and size of inclusions. Where present, inclusions are described and represented in the gemological certificate. There are several types of inclusions.
Pinpoint: is a small white or black inclusion. Its size is a few micrometers. The pinpoint is the most common diamond inclusion.
Cloud: it is a large concentration of pinpoints;
Feather: this is a crack or a combination of multiple fractures;
Node: when there is a small piece of a diamond crystal oriented differently from the host crystal;
Cavities: These are small holes. Not a big deal unless oils or dirt get trapped in the cavity, darkening it.
They are not a big problem unless oils and or dirt get trapped in the cavity, darkening it.
Color grades range from D to Z. Letter D indicates perfectly colorless diamonds, instead letter Z stands for full yellowish colored diamonds.
In order to define the correct color grade of the stones, so-called "comparison" stones are used.
Indicate the shape given to the gem and the proportion obtained.
The cut determines the refraction of light and conditions the brightness of the diamond. There are different types of cuts in addition to the brilliant cut (the most common). They are less common, but perfect for unique and rare jewels: emerald, oval, marquise, princess, radiant, drop and heart cuts.
The most famous cut is the round brilliant which generates perfect proportions between the table, the corner of the pavilion and the corner of the crown, reflecting the light in an optimal way.
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